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Medical device connectivity is the establishment and maintenance of a connection through which data is transferred between a medical device, such as a patient monitor, and an information system. The term is used interchangeably with biomedical device connectivity or biomedical device integration. By eliminating the need for manual data entry, potential benefits include faster and more frequent data updates, diminished human error, and improved workflow efficiency.〔Witonsky, P. (2012). Leveraging EHR investments through medical device connectivity. ''Healthcare Financial Management'' 66(8): 50–3.〕 Medical devices may be connected on wireless and wired networks. Wireless networks, including Wi-Fi, Wireless Medical Telemetry Service, and Bluetooth, provide more ubiquitous coverage of connectivity, allowing uninterrupted monitoring of patients in transit. Wired networks are fast, stable, and highly available. Wired networks are usually more costly to install at first and require ongoing costs for maintenance, but allow connectivity of the organization in a closed environment. ==Interoperability of Devices== Adherence to Standards ensures interoperability within a network of medical devices. In most cases, the clinical environment is heterogenous; devices are supplied by a variety of vendors, allowing for different technologies to be utilized. Achieving interoperability can be difficult, as data format and encryption varies among vendors and models.〔Day, B., (2011). Standards for medical device interoperability and integration. Patient Safety & Quality Healthcare, Jan/Feb. Retrieved from http://www.psqh.com/januaryfebruary-2011/739-standards-for-medical-device-interoperability-and-integration.html〕 The following standards enable interoperability between connected medical device. *CEN ISO/IEEE 11073 * enables the communication between medical devices and external information systems. This standard provides plug-and-play interoperability between devices, and facilitates the efficient exchange of data acquired at the point of care in all care environments.〔ISO/IEEE 11073〕 *IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n are standards for implementing a wireless local area network (WLAN) in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, utilizing the same basic protocol.〔802.11〕 Regulatory organizations and industrial associations, such as Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) initiative and Continua Health Alliance, are working towards standardized vendor-neutral device integration systems.〔Rhoads, J., Cooper, T., Fuchs, K., Schluter, P., & Zambuto, R. P. (2010). Medical device interoperability and the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) initiative. Biomedical instrumentation & technology / Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, Suppl, 21–7. PMID 20225710.〕 The IHE provides a single set of internationally harmonized medical device informatics and interoperability standards as a unitary reference point for the industry. The IHE collaborates with Continua Health Alliance regarding data exchange protocol and device specializations.〔Cooper, T., & Rhoads, J. G. (2010). Medical Device Interoperability Inquiry. Retrieved from ftp://ftp.ihe.net/Patient_Care_Devices/Presentations/VA_2010-10-07/VA_MDIP_2010-10-07_PCD_Stds_Overview_Cooper-Rhoads_r2.pdf〕 The IHE Patient Care Device (PCD) Technical Framework Volumes 1-3 defines the established standards profiles, such as the integration, transaction and semantic content profiles respectively for complete, enterprise-wide integration and interoperability of health information systems.〔IHE International. (2012). IHE Patient Care Device . Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://www.ihe.net/pcd/〕〔IHE International Inc. (2012). IHE Patient Care Device Technical Framework, Volume 1 (IHE PCD TF-1): Integration Profiles (Vol. 10, pp. 1– 42). Retrieved from http://www.ihe.net/Technical_Framework/upload/IHE_PCD_TF_Vol1.pdf〕〔IHE International Inc. (2012). IHE.net Technical Frameworks. August 16. Retrieved November 14, 2012, from http://www.ihe.net/Technical_Framework/index.cfm#pcd〕 Several profiles have applications in medical device connectivity including the following: *() Device Enterprise Communication - supports publication of information from point-of-care medical devices to applications such as clinical information systems and electronic health record systems, using a consistent Health Level Seven version 2 (HL7 v.2) messaging format and device semantic content or DICOM profile.〔 *() Alarm Communication Management - ensures the right alarm with the right priority to the right individuals with the right content.〔 *() Subscribe to Patient Data - supports a filtering mechanism for data transaction.〔 *() Point-of-care Infusion Verification - supports communication of a 5-Rights validated medication delivery / infusion order (from Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA) system, also known as Barcode Point of Care (BPOC) system, to an infusion pump or pump management system〔 *() Rosetta Terminology Mapping - is based on the ISO/IEEE 11073 semantic standards converting vendor specific terms into harmonized standard terms. It uses a set of tools (Excel spreadsheets & XML files) to map the proprietary semantics communicated by medical devices to a standard representation using ISO/IEEE 11073 semantics.〔Rhoads, J. ., Cooper, T., Fuchs, K., Schluter, P., & Zambuto, R. P. (2010). Medical device interoperability and the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) initiative. Biomedical instrumentation & technology / Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, Suppl, 21–7. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20225710〕 *() Implantable Device – Cardiac – Observation (IDCO) * profile - specifies a mechanism for transmission, and processing of discrete data elements and report attachments associated with cardiac device observations.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Medical device connectivity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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